{
  "title": "2026 MixByParts Weedkiller Instructions Review",
  "reviewDate": "2026-11-12",
  "scope": "An original AI-assisted descriptive audit of twelve selected product-name/form candidates in US and UK source contexts. Codes named water quantities, numeric treatment-area or coverage references, multiple rate/application contexts and ready-to-use forms. Includes regulator archives, manufacturer labels, product instructions and one unresolved identity. Not a representative survey, authorisation inventory, dose recommendation or efficacy test.",
  "sampleRule": "Purposive convenience sample of twelve named herbicide product forms across US and UK label contexts. Selected before detailed label coding to illustrate product-per-water, product-per-finished-spray, area-linked instructions and ready-to-use forms. Retain unresolved candidates; no substitution to improve completeness or counts. Not a market survey, current authorisation inventory, dose recommendation or compatibility comparison.",
  "unitOfAnalysis": "One selected product-name/form candidate in a stated market. An unresolved name is not an established product identity; multiple application rows are not extra records.",
  "signalDefinitions": {
    "water_quantity": "An explicit numeric water quantity in a mixing/application instruction for this product form.",
    "area_quantity": "An explicit numeric product-per-area rate, treatment area or pack coverage in a reviewed source. These have different meanings and remain labelled.",
    "multiple_contexts": "Different numerical rate rows or mixing/preparation directions for the reviewed product form, including equipment-specific preparation. Simple site lists, pack sizes, coverage-only statements and refill instructions for another product form are excluded.",
    "ready_to_use": "The reviewed product form is ready to use. Separate concentrate-refill instructions are not a mixing recipe for supplied RTU fluid."
  },
  "contextSources": [
    {
      "url": "https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-labels/introduction-pesticide-labels",
      "id": "bd04e3610018",
      "title": "EPA: introduction to pesticide labels",
      "edition": "Webpage; reviewed 12 November 2026",
      "role": "instruction_evidence",
      "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
      "retrieval": "direct_download",
      "sha256": "bd12e6763e95d265c5c662dc0d2804116d1d846d412d785e87b0b754380a9020"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.hse.gov.uk/pesticides/using-pesticides/general/understanding-the-product-label.htm",
      "id": "1734c2982589",
      "title": "HSE: understanding the product label",
      "edition": "Page updated 8 January 2025",
      "role": "instruction_evidence",
      "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
      "retrieval": "direct_download",
      "sha256": "3adb3c1798d593ebc84ee9941c4ee60788ab279c18df8d39c7b434430f3e5294"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.alberta.ca/calibrating-a-backpack-sprayer",
      "id": "a8183954116b",
      "title": "Alberta: calibrating a backpack sprayer",
      "edition": "Undated government guidance",
      "role": "instruction_evidence",
      "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
      "retrieval": "direct_download",
      "sha256": "67fe15b9b53e1b93725417244977765a29ae44a6c71a174a4a400b1c6f6a4265"
    }
  ],
  "records": [
    {
      "id": "roundup4_concentrate",
      "brand": "Roundup",
      "product": "Weed & Grass Killer₄ Concentrate",
      "market": "US",
      "selectedName": "Weed & Grass Killer4 Concentrate",
      "form": "Concentrate",
      "registration": "EPA 71995-64",
      "evidence": "regulator_archive",
      "signals": [
        "water_quantity",
        "area_quantity",
        "multiple_contexts"
      ],
      "locator": "Manufacturer page: tank / hose-end instructions. EPA PDF pp. 5–6: Mixing Instructions (printed pp. 4–5).",
      "observation": "Tank instructions name water as the mixing reference and spray solution as the coverage reference. Hose-end preparation is a separate context.",
      "reviewNote": "US manufacturer page and matching 2023 regulator archive reviewed. A master label contains optional wording and is not proof of the latest retail-container edition. Do not substitute an older glyphosate formulation or ignore equipment restrictions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://roundup.com/en-us/shop/driveway-patio-weeds/roundup-weed-and-grass-killer-concentrate/5376212.html",
          "id": "c5d3a4f043e4",
          "title": "Roundup US exact concentrate instructions",
          "edition": "Undated product page",
          "role": "instruction_evidence",
          "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
          "retrieval": "direct_download",
          "sha256": "e626a28e969f823026df7e7ae564482524f1567050f52c5a54da982a6d3c6615"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/ppls/071995-00064-20230605.pdf",
          "id": "550956be4416",
          "title": "EPA archive: LG1921 / Weed & Grass Killer₄ Concentrate",
          "edition": "Notification accepted 5 June 2023; master-label context",
          "role": "instruction_evidence",
          "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
          "retrieval": "direct_download",
          "sha256": "208eb9cd388f6b2faf365566ae30e4fa9ae9bad0a78f079204a9dff7ba05396b"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "roundup4_rtu",
      "brand": "Roundup",
      "product": "Weed & Grass Killer₄, ready-to-use form",
      "market": "US",
      "selectedName": "Weed & Grass Killer4 Ready-to-Use",
      "form": "Ready to use",
      "registration": "EPA 71995-65",
      "evidence": "manufacturer_label",
      "signals": [
        "area_quantity",
        "ready_to_use"
      ],
      "locator": "Manufacturer-linked packet: PDF p. 3, Product Facts / How to Apply; p. 4, How to Refill; p. 10, registration.",
      "observation": "Ready-to-use fluid is applied as supplied. The reviewed packet also states container coverage. Refilling its bottle from a separate concentrate is a distinct instruction.",
      "reviewNote": "Reviewed packet is the 24 fl oz form linked by the selected US product page. Its concentrate-refill directions do not turn ready-to-use fluid into a concentrate; those directions are not coded as a water-mixing instruction for this form.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://roundup.com/en-us/shop/landscape-weeds/roundup-weed-grass-killer/5375801.html",
          "id": "a4763c21a747",
          "title": "Roundup US ready-to-use product",
          "edition": "Undated product page",
          "role": "instruction_evidence",
          "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
          "retrieval": "direct_download",
          "sha256": "36b13eaf30a1a72059258d1796987e2988b6b6cf2c28139e429aeb2929b05309"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://smg.widen.net/content/hbaorccbtb/original/T122763_LB17908_011823_CFL.pdf?u=vait25&download=true",
          "id": "fb9ecaa4fb35",
          "title": "Manufacturer-linked ready-to-use label packet",
          "edition": "PPN 040161V0-27; no printed revision date established (©2022 is copyright)",
          "role": "instruction_evidence",
          "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
          "retrieval": "direct_download",
          "sha256": "0079c100daa27c6d386af1084dc9d608a83580c6e36d8dbfd7040af0ded9c790"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "roundup_dual_concentrate",
      "brand": "Roundup",
      "product": "Dual Action Weed & Grass Killer Plus 4 Month Preventer Concentrate",
      "market": "US",
      "selectedName": "Dual Action Weed & Grass Killer Plus 4 Month Preventer Concentrate",
      "form": "Concentrate",
      "registration": "EPA 71995-68",
      "evidence": "manufacturer_label",
      "signals": [
        "water_quantity",
        "area_quantity"
      ],
      "locator": "Manufacturer-linked packet: PDF p. 5 (printed p. 2), Mixing Instructions; p. 15, registration.",
      "observation": "Tank preparation names a water quantity and a separate coverage area. Directions also distinguish treating existing weeds from the surrounding prevention area.",
      "reviewNote": "This is the US 4 Month Preventer concentrate, not Dual Action 365 or a ready-to-use product. The page-linked label is artwork, not a demonstrated current approval inventory.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://roundup.com/en-us/shop/driveway-patio-weeds/roundup-dual-action-weed-grass-killer/5376905.html",
          "id": "13614413d292",
          "title": "Roundup US Dual Action 4 Month concentrate",
          "edition": "Undated product page",
          "role": "instruction_evidence",
          "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
          "retrieval": "direct_download",
          "sha256": "9fb71432e5f28e43ad9657b6fc8c5493259c3c23d3464e14cfa348cba2bc0e7b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://smg.widen.net/content/w4q6hlolgb/original/T122340_537690605_082422_CFL.pdf?u=tlzjla&download=true",
          "id": "ec257c114719",
          "title": "Manufacturer-linked Dual Action concentrate label",
          "edition": "PPN 040165V2-03; no printed revision date established (©2022 is copyright)",
          "role": "instruction_evidence",
          "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
          "retrieval": "direct_download",
          "sha256": "b88fd91b2899e07660d95df287bf8c62b651ba0c69aace2457e999d2e5442ecd"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ortho_lawn_concentrate",
      "brand": "Ortho",
      "product": "Weed B Gon / WBG 553 Concentrate (archived US form)",
      "market": "US",
      "selectedName": "Weed B-gon Lawn Weed Killer Concentrate",
      "form": "Concentrate",
      "registration": "EPA 239-2744",
      "evidence": "regulator_archive",
      "signals": [
        "water_quantity",
        "area_quantity",
        "multiple_contexts"
      ],
      "locator": "EPA PDF p. 11 (printed p. 10), How Much to Use / Apply; optional refill text on the same page.",
      "observation": "Northern and Southern lawn directions combine a product-per-water quantity with an area. Optional refill text describes filling to a final container mark.",
      "reviewNote": "Resolved to the archived 239-2744 form with listed Weed B Gon concentrate alternate names. This is not proof that a current retail bottle with a similar short name uses this formula. Bracketed master-label alternatives are not a universal container instruction.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/ppls/000239-02744-20230823.pdf",
          "id": "711d41d128df",
          "title": "EPA archive: WBG 553 Concentrate",
          "edition": "Notification accepted 23 August 2023; annotated master-label context",
          "role": "instruction_evidence",
          "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
          "retrieval": "direct_download",
          "sha256": "894375e556c6035d222a24414ee0de869ee4e413a55cde8b92e20974bc92d220"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "southern_ag_24d",
      "brand": "Southern Ag",
      "product": "2,4-D Amine Weed Killer",
      "market": "US",
      "selectedName": "2,4-D Amine Weed Killer",
      "form": "Concentrate",
      "registration": "EPA 48273-4-829",
      "evidence": "manufacturer_label",
      "signals": [
        "water_quantity",
        "area_quantity",
        "multiple_contexts"
      ],
      "locator": "Manufacturer-linked label PDF p. 2: Lawns / ornamental turf, non-cropland and Spot Treatment of Weeds.",
      "observation": "The label contains area-based turf directions and a separate product-per-water spot-treatment section. A spot-treatment recipe must not be carried into a different application.",
      "reviewNote": "Reviewed the label linked from the exact Southern Ag product page. No printed revision date established. The SDS and upload-path year were not used to assign an application recipe or edition date.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://southernag.com/product/amine-24-d-weed-killer/",
          "id": "b78490582cb4",
          "title": "Southern Ag exact product and label link",
          "edition": "Undated product page",
          "role": "instruction_evidence",
          "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
          "retrieval": "direct_download",
          "sha256": "004d7b04f8ee66e6eb9a44320c9fd73570358eedba3d61e45112db73d069c8d2"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://southernag.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/24-D-AMINE-LABEL.pdf",
          "id": "5512f351df57",
          "title": "Manufacturer-linked 2,4-D Amine label",
          "edition": "No printed revision date established",
          "role": "instruction_evidence",
          "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
          "retrieval": "direct_download",
          "sha256": "2d17ffabded3171bed6d190c7b8370f984142fb87225d47da7121cbe32a9a054"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "gordon_speedzone",
      "brand": "Gordon’s",
      "product": "SpeedZone Lawn Weed Killer / 1381 EC Residential (historical form)",
      "market": "US",
      "selectedName": "SpeedZone Lawn Weed Killer",
      "form": "Concentrate",
      "registration": "EPA 2217-864",
      "evidence": "regulator_archive",
      "signals": [
        "water_quantity",
        "area_quantity",
        "multiple_contexts"
      ],
      "locator": "EPA archive PDF pp. 5–8: broadcast and spot treatment tables; hand-operated and hose-end sprayer instructions.",
      "observation": "Historical instructions separately name treatment area, water quantities and equipment-specific preparation. Filling a hose-end jar is not the same as establishing delivered spray volume.",
      "reviewNote": "Historical 2004 archive identifies SpeedZone Lawn Weed Killer as an alternate name. The modern SpeedZone EW product is a different identity and was not substituted. Current applicability of this historical form was not established; direct manufacturer-library requests were blocked.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/ppls/002217-00864-20040806.pdf",
          "id": "b80980de3c75",
          "title": "EPA archive: 1381 EC Residential / SpeedZone Lawn Weed Killer",
          "edition": "Notification dated 6 August 2004; historical reference only",
          "role": "instruction_evidence",
          "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
          "retrieval": "direct_download",
          "sha256": "607451408941d54297d64f1eb2b64ccedf01c744c8b344f4ead2e7cd8dcfbb3e"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "roundup_fast_concentrate",
      "brand": "Roundup",
      "product": "Fast Action Total Weedkiller Concentrate — identity unresolved",
      "market": "UK",
      "selectedName": "Fast Action Total Weedkiller Concentrate",
      "form": "Unresolved",
      "registration": "Not established",
      "evidence": "unresolved",
      "signals": null,
      "locator": "Public UK catalogue and a differently named Total Optima Concentrate page; no exact application label established.",
      "observation": "No exact application instruction was assigned to this selected name. A related ready-to-use product and a differently named concentrate cannot supply its recipe.",
      "reviewNote": "Retained in the fixed sample as unresolved. Total Optima Concentrate is a different named product and was excluded as a substitute. Absence from the reviewed sources does not prove discontinuation or authorisation status.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.lovethegarden.com/uk-en/products/weed-control/general-weeds",
          "id": "d809f3b6bd32",
          "title": "UK catalogue — identity lead only",
          "edition": "Undated catalogue",
          "role": "excluded_identity_lead",
          "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
          "retrieval": "direct_download",
          "sha256": "e296642dcce2d196c873f7a27d101b35789123bad4d8fbebbc981f681871c3d8"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.lovethegarden.com/uk-en/product/roundup-weedkiller-total-optima-concentrate",
          "id": "3eeb7df012c0",
          "title": "Different Total Optima Concentrate — excluded candidate",
          "edition": "Undated product page",
          "role": "excluded_identity_lead",
          "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
          "retrieval": "direct_download",
          "sha256": "12b85f55438d5219376883c9eb08de1839b5ccb10fbe261ad298a68733aec55c"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "roundup_fast_rtu",
      "brand": "Roundup",
      "product": "Fast Action Ready-to-Use Weedkiller",
      "market": "UK",
      "selectedName": "Fast Action Ready-to-Use Weedkiller",
      "form": "Ready to use",
      "registration": "MAPP 18679; PCS 01669",
      "evidence": "manufacturer_label",
      "signals": [
        "area_quantity",
        "ready_to_use"
      ],
      "locator": "Currently page-linked 1 L label: How to Use / composition. Product page: Coverage.",
      "observation": "The label identifies a ready-to-use solution with direct trigger-spray instructions. The corresponding manufacturer page separately gives a numeric pack coverage area.",
      "reviewNote": "Used the label actually linked by the UK 1 L page. A separately retrieved 3 L label was not substituted for its pack instructions. The ingredient concentration does not give a concentrate-mixing dose.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.lovethegarden.com/uk-en/product/roundup-fast-action-ready-use-weedkiller",
          "id": "5382fd575b72",
          "title": "Roundup UK exact 1 L ready-to-use page",
          "edition": "Undated product page",
          "role": "instruction_evidence",
          "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
          "retrieval": "direct_download",
          "sha256": "a85299b599b00878a15e68c6481e42fea81a19c7b18c86f20c91a836021a6558"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.lovethegarden.com/sites/default/files/content/products/documents/pack_label/GB-5017676000284-PL-f3e7dfef86420ff636ca47ac253be817.pdf",
          "id": "0dcfc601788e",
          "title": "Manufacturer-linked 1 L Fast Action label",
          "edition": "No printed revision date established",
          "role": "instruction_evidence",
          "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
          "retrieval": "direct_download",
          "sha256": "daa48bda40bbe5d262bc1429c49a46257157ba166e2b742c2db932a25c5b0911"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "resolva_xtra_concentrate",
      "brand": "Resolva",
      "product": "Xtra Weedkiller Concentrate",
      "market": "UK",
      "selectedName": "Xtra Weedkiller Concentrate",
      "form": "Concentrate",
      "registration": "MAPP 19313 / PCS 06563 identified by linked SDS; application evidence is the page",
      "evidence": "manufacturer_page",
      "signals": [
        "water_quantity",
        "area_quantity"
      ],
      "locator": "Manufacturer product page: How to Use; Important Information.",
      "observation": "The page links one product quantity to a water-volume range and a fixed treatment area. A permitted water range is not permission to change the product-per-area amount.",
      "reviewNote": "Only an SDS download was exposed. The preparation evidence is the manufacturer’s page, not an application label inferred from the SDS. A full container label remains necessary for the intended application.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.gardenhealth.com/resolva-xtra-weedkiller-concentrate",
          "id": "f4ac602242d3",
          "title": "Westland Resolva Xtra instructions",
          "edition": "Undated product page",
          "role": "instruction_evidence",
          "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
          "retrieval": "direct_download",
          "sha256": "39896309c3ee9638e27b8c89a90de1c0f305a64bdb31fa2e98571aecc13cbbfd"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.gardenhealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Resolva-Xtra-Concentrate-weedkiller-MAPP-19313-PCS-06563.pdf",
          "id": "95b56ece7e21",
          "title": "Linked SDS — identity only, not an application label",
          "edition": "SDS, not application instructions",
          "role": "identity_only_sds",
          "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
          "retrieval": "direct_download",
          "sha256": "03e34ac91e6691ba7b1cb213761bce926ac3e93122ee4f6982f629fdb8fa1651"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "resolva_pro_concentrate",
      "brand": "Resolva",
      "product": "Pro Xtra Tough Super Concentrate Weedkiller",
      "market": "UK",
      "selectedName": "Pro Xtra Tough Super Concentrate Weedkiller",
      "form": "Concentrate",
      "registration": "No registration number established from the reviewed application page",
      "evidence": "manufacturer_page",
      "signals": [
        "water_quantity",
        "area_quantity",
        "multiple_contexts"
      ],
      "locator": "Manufacturer product page: How to Use, application table.",
      "observation": "The table explicitly names product per litre of water, treated area and different annual / perennial weed contexts. Each row must stay with its use description.",
      "reviewNote": "Only an SDS download was exposed. The manufacturer page supplies the reviewed preparation instructions; the SDS is not used as an application label. Exact pack and market instructions remain controlling.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.gardenhealth.com/resolva-pro-xtra-tough-super-concentrate-weedkiller",
          "id": "887e12f5872a",
          "title": "Westland Resolva Pro application table",
          "edition": "Undated product page",
          "role": "instruction_evidence",
          "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
          "retrieval": "direct_download",
          "sha256": "853353533bebe855c871dcf9e6b967076bd8b7bb4080177687ff25f665534898"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "sbk_brushwood",
      "brand": "Vitax",
      "product": "SBK Brushwood Killer",
      "market": "UK",
      "selectedName": "SBK Brushwood Killer",
      "form": "Concentrate",
      "registration": "MAPP 12711; PCS 03955",
      "evidence": "manufacturer_label",
      "signals": [
        "water_quantity",
        "area_quantity",
        "multiple_contexts"
      ],
      "locator": "Manufacturer-linked 250 mL carton, code 09086v10: How to Use, separate watering-can, sprayer and stump contexts.",
      "observation": "The same weed-treatment area has different water quantities for the watering can and sprayer, while the product amount stays fixed. Stump applications are separate instructions.",
      "reviewNote": "The PDF has outlined lettering; its rendered page was visually inspected rather than treating an empty text extraction as missing instructions. No printed revision date established. Garden World is the Vitax manufacturer site; the carton names Vitax and that domain.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.gardenworld.co.uk/product/sbk-brushwood-killer/",
          "id": "0a1e7ea10e6f",
          "title": "Vitax Garden World exact concentrate page",
          "edition": "Undated product page",
          "role": "instruction_evidence",
          "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
          "retrieval": "direct_download",
          "sha256": "673a9a0cd3c005d45767d223cf2d9848f22f9f9d611a09b27f474ed16fa0404b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.gardenworld.co.uk/resources/uploads/576/products/155/SBK 250ml 09086v10 Web.pdf",
          "id": "1f704a178104",
          "title": "Manufacturer-linked SBK concentrate carton",
          "edition": "Carton code 09086v10; no printed revision date established",
          "role": "instruction_evidence",
          "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
          "retrieval": "direct_download",
          "sha256": "5ce04491f01f57f1c4e5ede7712629d5b0b4f8ed7cc4edc98ca46590559b029f"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "weedol_lawn_concentrate",
      "brand": "Weedol",
      "product": "LN Lawn Weed Control Concentrate",
      "market": "UK",
      "selectedName": "Lawn Weedkiller Concentrate",
      "form": "Concentrate",
      "registration": "MAPP 19314; PCS 06561",
      "evidence": "manufacturer_label",
      "signals": [
        "water_quantity",
        "area_quantity"
      ],
      "locator": "Manufacturer-linked 1 L label: How to Use; maximum individual dose.",
      "observation": "The label gives product, water and area together. The product form is explicitly concentrate on the linked carton.",
      "reviewNote": "The product page’s ingredient paragraph describes a ready-to-use solution despite its concentrate title. The linked concentrate label identifies the actual reviewed form and composition; that conflicting page paragraph was not used to establish a dilution recipe.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.lovethegarden.com/uk-en/product/weedol-ln-lawn-weed-control-concentrate",
          "id": "7ddb6b30a0c6",
          "title": "Weedol UK concentrate page and label link",
          "edition": "Undated product page",
          "role": "instruction_evidence",
          "accessDate": "2026-11-12",
          "retrieval": "direct_download",
          "sha256": "0cc339749a7b8e87dbd501a4a3f60d8a729213baac55c798948e23872e9ebe9b"
        },
        {
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